Goals
Consider goals. Dweck says they come in two varieties–performance goals and learning goals. Getting an A in French class is a performance goal. Being able to speak French is a learning goal.
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Students with learning goals scored significantly higher on these novel challenges. They also worked longer and tried more solutions. (Pink 2011, chap. 5)
Pink, Daniel. 2011. Drive: The Suprising Truth about What Motivates Us. Riverhead Books.